Chromosomes and DNA

Short Definition

Chromosomes are thread-like structures of DNA and proteins that carry genetic information.

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) is the molecule that stores and transmits hereditary information.

Detailed Explanation

Chromosomes are found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells and contain genes arranged in a specific order. DNA is composed of nucleotides, each with a sugar, phosphate, and nitrogenous base. DNA controls the traits of organisms and passes them to the next generation.

Structure of DNA

• Double helix structure
• Complementary base pairing: A-T, G-C
• Stores genetic instructions for protein synthesis

Importance

Understanding chromosomes and DNA is essential for genetics, heredity, and modern biotechnology.